Juneau is more than stunning views, imposing mountains, and running blue waters. This is a city full of history that spans for centuries before colonization and the Gold Rush which gave it its name and legacy. It’s a city with character and personality, and arguably deserves the status of “heart of Alaskan culture”. You will feel this in the city year round, and see in the architecture and museums around the Alaskan capital.
As you might be looking for lodging in Juneau, we want to present a brief history of Juneau. Of course we are limited in scope, but we’ve provided links throughout the text so you can explore more on this topic on your own.
The first people to inhabit the area north and south of Juneau were the Auke people, a subgroup of the Tlingit group of Alaska Natives. The Aukes, aka A’akw Kwáan (which means Small Lake People) lived along the Northwestern coast of North America for thousands of years.
Here is a map showing the indigenous people that populate Alaska and Western Canada.
The Tlingit Natives speak the language by the same name – Tlingit. It’s an Alaskan language with many sounds that don’t exist in English (here is a list of Tlingit words. Have a try and see how many of them you can pronounce).
The Tlingit have always been skillful fishermen, with elaborate fishing gear and knowledge transmitted from generation to generation. The rich Gastineau Channel aquatic life provided them with endless supplies of salmon, halibut, and other fish. Their diet also included wapato, berries, and seeds that are found in the area.
The Tlingit built shelters along the coast in such a way that the entrances were always facing the sea. And each house had a Totem Pole placed in front of it. Tlingit society has always been multi-layered, involving various social classes, kin ties, and territorial units. The Tlingit were eighteen great families, with the name of an animal, such as a wolf, bear, eagle, beaver, whale and other animals. The totem poles signified the origins of the family living inside the house. Interestingly, members of the tribe used to marry a person with a different family totem. (Source).
The Juneau area became a major trading center between the Tlingit people and neighbouring tribes such as Tsimshian and Haida. And the local culture kept blooming until the first encounters with European colonists.
To find out more about the native Juneau history, art, and culture, visit the Walter Soboleff Building and the Alaska State Museum in Juneau.
Further reading: The Tlingit Culture
In the 17th century, the Russian Empire embarked on a mission to explore any possible connections between Siberia and America. Semyon Dezhnev was said to have “discovered” Alaska when one of his ships was carried away from the Bering Strait. The Second Kamchatka Expedition under Alexei Chirikov set ashore the Prince of Wales Island on the 15th of July 1741.
Starting with 1743, Russian America has been established, with the capital in Novo-Archangelsk, which today is Sitka. Although Russian colonies populated the area for over 100 years, they never really settled. In 1867 the Russian Empire sold Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million (over $129 million in today’s dollars). At the time, the Russians had no knowledge of the gold mines that were yet to be discovered in Alaska (not to mention the oil).
There’s little knowledge about how the Russians lived in Juneau. You can explore further at the Juneau-Douglas City Museum.
Following the California Gold Rush (1848-1855), miners were in search of new gold sources. In 1880 a mining engineer from Sitka, George Pilz, offered a reward to any local chief who would bring him to a gold mine. A Tlingit tribe chief named Kowee was the first one to bring actual gold samples to Pilz. The latter sent Joseph Juneau and Richard Harris to explore the supposed ore of gold in August 1880.
And so the Tlingit chief and the two explorers set off. When they reached the Silver Bow Basin in Juneau did they find…
…the most gold bearing quartz I had ever seen in one gulch.
-Richard Harris
On October 18th 1880, Richard Harrison and Joseph Juneau marked 160 acres of gold near the townsite where mining camps were soon established. Few weeks later hundreds of miners reached the shore of the Gastineau Channel.
Over the years, 4 mines had been constructed. Unfortunately, a flood in 1915 put an end to Juneau’s gold era after three mines had been destroyed. Today these are known as:
Further reading: The Founding of Juneau, Alaska
As rumors of the gold paradise spread and miners kept arriving, Juneau rapidly grew from a small settlement to a full sized city. In the beginning, locals were thinking about naming the city Harrisburg. However they ended up naming it Juneau (after Joseph Juneau).
Before 1906 the capital of the District of Alaska was Sitka. Juneau was growing in size, accommodation, and possibilities as more and more people were attracted to its gold ores. With great population a greater number of legal disputes started to arise. The only way to reach a judge was by traveling to Sitka. This proved quite inefficient because in the early days only 2 ships per month connected the two cities. And since Sitka’s importance had significantly dropped (for many reasons) the seat of the District’s government (and later Territory’s, then State’s) became Juneau. The political and economic ramifications of this decision are actually quite complex, and we encourage you to read more about Juneau’s role in Alaska history.
Further reading: Why is Juneau the State Capital of Alaska?
How did Juneau Become Alaska’s Capital?
As of today, Juneau stretches for over 3,255 square miles (making it the second-largest city in the US by area), but only 14 square miles are inhabited. Its population has reached 32,000 people according to the 2017 Census. The main prospering industries of Juneau today are fishing and tourism. During the summer, over 1 million tourists arrive and depart from Juneau. The splendid views, breathtaking nature, and the vibe of a small city with the amenities of a state capital are indeed just some of the many reasons to visit Juneau.
We’ve written a post on our blog about interesting things to do and see in Juneau, about the top restaurants and quirky bars in town. Also, if you are planning an extended lodging in Juneau, we’ve got it all sorted out here.
Full washers and dryers in every suite.
Learn all about how to plan a visit to Eaglecrest Ski Area and the best hotels nearby to prepare for your experience in the winter wonderland with regular fresh powder.
Find the best photos of Juneau, Alaska, and learn the seasons when you should snap these great photos. Here’s your complete list.
Considering running through Juneau to see its wild beauty? Here’s a listing of the Juneau marathons, half marathons and fun runs for the year.
